NLP for CP
Addressing Constraint Programming with Natural Language Processing
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Correct
predictions are in
blue
. If we detect only a subset of a labelled sentence, we highlight the caught part as
blue
, the missing part
light blue.
False positives
are in
green
and
false negatives
are in
red
.
Problem Manpower_Planning — Constraint detection
A
company
is
undergoing
a
number
of
changes
that
will
affect
its
manpower
requirements
in
future
years
.
Owing
to
the
installation
of
new
machinery
,
fewer
unskilled
but
more
skilled
and
semi-skilled
workers
will
be
required
.
In
addition
to
this
,
a
downturn
in
trade
is
expected
in
the
next
year
,
which
will
reduce
the
need
for
workers
in
all
categories
.
The
estimated
manpower
requirements
for
the
next
three
years
are
given
in
a
table
.
The
company
wishes
to
decide
its
policy
with
regard
to
the
following
over
the
next
three
years
:
recruitment
;
retraining
;
redundancy
;
short-time
working
.
There
is
a
natural
wastage
of
labour
.
A
fairly
large
number
of
workers
leave
during
their
first
year
.
After
this
,
the
rate
is
much
smaller
.
Taking
this
into
account
,
the
wastage
rates
are
given
in
a
table
.
There
has
been
no
recent
recruitment
and
all
workers
in
the
current
labour
force
have
been
employed
for
more
than
one
year
.
It
is
possible
to
recruit
a
limited
number
of
workers
from
outside
.
In
any
one
year
,
the
numbers
that
can
be
recruited
in
each
category
are
as
follows
:
500
unskilled
,
800
semi-skilled
,
500
skilled
.
It
is
possible
to
retrain
up
to
200
unskilled
workers
per
year
to
make
them
semi-skilled
.
This
costs
pounds
400
per
worker
.
The
retraining
of
semi-skilled
workers
to
make
them
skilled
is
limited
to
no
more
than
one
quarter
of
the
skilled
labour
force
at
the
time
as
some
training
is
done
on
the
job
.
Retraining
a
semi-skilled
worker
in
this
way
costs
pounds
500
.
Downgrading
of
workers
to
a
lower
skill
is
possible
but
50
%
of
such
workers
leave
,
although
it
costs
the
company
nothing
.
-LRB-
This
wastage
is
additional
to
the
``
natural
wastage
''
described
above
-RRB-
.
The
redundancy
payment
to
an
unskilled
worker
is
pounds
200
and
to
a
semi-skilled
or
skilled
worker
is
pounds
500
.
It
is
possible
to
employ
up
to
150
more
workers
over
the
whole
company
than
are
needed
,
but
the
extra
costs
per
employee
per
year
are
as
follows
:
1500
pounds
for
unskilled
,
2000
for
semi-skilled
,
3000
for
skilled
.
Up
to
50
workers
in
each
category
of
skill
can
be
put
on
short-time
working
.
The
cost
of
this
-LRB-
per
employee
per
year
-RRB-
is
as
follows
:
500
pounds
for
unskilled
,
400
for
semi-skilled
,
400
for
skilled
.
An
employee
on
short-time
working
meets
the
production
requirements
of
half
a
full-time
employee
.
The
company
's
declared
objective
is
to
minimise
redundancy
.
How
should
they
operate
in
order
to
do
this
?
If
their
policy
were
to
minimise
costs
,
how
much
extra
would
this
save
?
Deduce
the
cost
of
saving
each
type
of
job
each
year
.
Problem Manpower_Planning — Detection of the decisions and objects to be modeled
A
company
is
undergoing
a
number
of
changes
that
will
affect
its
manpower
requirements
in
future
years
.
Owing
to
the
installation
of
new
machinery
,
fewer
unskilled
but
more
skilled
and
semi-skilled
workers
will
be
required
.
In
addition
to
this
,
a
downturn
in
trade
is
expected
in
the
next
year
,
which
will
reduce
the
need
for
workers
in
all
categories
.
The
estimated
manpower
requirements
for
the
next
three
years
are
given
in
a
table
.
The
company
wishes
to
decide
its
policy
with
regard
to
the
following
over
the
next
three
years
:
recruitment
;
retraining
;
redundancy
;
short-time
working
.
There
is
a
natural
wastage
of
labour
.
A
fairly
large
number
of
workers
leave
during
their
first
year
.
After
this
,
the
rate
is
much
smaller
.
Taking
this
into
account
,
the
wastage
rates
are
given
in
a
table
.
There
has
been
no
recent
recruitment
and
all
workers
in
the
current
labour
force
have
been
employed
for
more
than
one
year
.
It
is
possible
to
recruit
a
limited
number
of
workers
from
outside
.
In
any
one
year
,
the
numbers
that
can
be
recruited
in
each
category
are
as
follows
:
500
unskilled
,
800
semi-skilled
,
500
skilled
.
It
is
possible
to
retrain
up
to
200
unskilled
workers
per
year
to
make
them
semi-skilled
.
This
costs
pounds
400
per
worker
.
The
retraining
of
semi-skilled
workers
to
make
them
skilled
is
limited
to
no
more
than
one
quarter
of
the
skilled
labour
force
at
the
time
as
some
training
is
done
on
the
job
.
Retraining
a
semi-skilled
worker
in
this
way
costs
pounds
500
.
Downgrading
of
workers
to
a
lower
skill
is
possible
but
50
%
of
such
workers
leave
,
although
it
costs
the
company
nothing
.
-LRB-
This
wastage
is
additional
to
the
``
natural
wastage
''
described
above
-RRB-
.
The
redundancy
payment
to
an
unskilled
worker
is
pounds
200
and
to
a
semi-skilled
or
skilled
worker
is
pounds
500
.
It
is
possible
to
employ
up
to
150
more
workers
over
the
whole
company
than
are
needed
,
but
the
extra
costs
per
employee
per
year
are
as
follows
:
1500
pounds
for
unskilled
,
2000
for
semi-skilled
,
3000
for
skilled
.
Up
to
50
workers
in
each
category
of
skill
can
be
put
on
short-time
working
.
The
cost
of
this
-LRB-
per
employee
per
year
-RRB-
is
as
follows
:
500
pounds
for
unskilled
,
400
for
semi-skilled
,
400
for
skilled
.
An
employee
on
short-time
working
meets
the
production
requirements
of
half
a
full-time
employee
.
The
company
's
declared
objective
is
to
minimise
redundancy
.
How
should
they
operate
in
order
to
do
this
?
If
their
policy
were
to
minimise
costs
,
how
much
extra
would
this
save
?
Deduce
the
cost
of
saving
each
type
of
job
each
year
.
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