Correct predictions are in blue. If we detect only a subset of a labelled sentence, we highlight the caught part as blue, the missing part light blue. False positives are in green and false negatives are in red.

Problem Crew_Assignment — Constraint detection

We use data for several 4 week planning periods of Spring and Summer 1998 from a major European airline . The problem instances consider cockpit crew at one crew base and consist of around 400 crew members and around 1000 activities which have to be assigned . For the crew assignment , the airline is interested in fair rosters which minimize overall costs . The costs are represented by a linear objective function on the rosters and the unassigned activities . The main costs of each roster depend on the total flight time -LRB- or block time -RRB- and costs on extra days off . In the production system of that airline , around 90 single crew member rules are implemented . Representative subsets of rules and regulations have been chosen for our experiments . However , certain issues such as individual rule relaxations or restrictions are not considered . The following lists seven rules which have been implemented for the test case presented in this paper . The formulations of some rules use the term airline day which is a 24 hours period not corresponding to a calendar day . It starts at time $ \ tau $ on one day and ends one minute before $ \ tau $ on the next day . -LRB- R1 -RRB- Minimum Rest at Home Base : a crew member gets at least an $ \ eta_1 $ - hour rest period at his/her home base between two activities . -LRB- R2 -RRB- Minimum Rest for One Day Off : if a crew member has one complete airline day off , i.e. , the rest between two activities contains one airline day , the rest period must be at least $ \ eta_2 $ hours . -LRB- R3 -RRB- Minimum Rest for Two Days Off : if a crew member has two complete airline days off , i.e. , the rest between two activities contains two airline days , the rest period must be at least $ \ eta_3 $ hours . -LRB- R4 -RRB- Minimum Rest for Three Days Off : if a crew member has three complete airline days off , i.e. , the rest between two activities contains three airline days , the rest period must be at least $ \ eta_4 $ hours . -LRB- R5 -RRB- Latest Check-out for Two Days Off : if an activity is followed by a rest period containing two airline days , the activity is not allowed to end in a night period , i.e. , the period defined by an interval -LSB- $ \ tau_1 $ , $ \ tau_2 $ -RSB- . -LRB- R6 -RRB- No Early Briefing After Five/Two : after a 5-day working period followed by two airline days off , a crew member can not be assigned an activity starting before time $ \ tau_3 $ . -LRB- R7 -RRB- No two trips on the same day : except for preassignments , it is not allowed to have two flight trips on the same day .

Problem Crew_Assignment — Detection of the decisions and objects to be modeled

We use data for several 4 week planning periods of Spring and Summer 1998 from a major European airline . The problem instances consider cockpit crew at one crew base and consist of around 400 crew members and around 1000 activities which have to be assigned . For the crew assignment , the airline is interested in fair rosters which minimize overall costs . The costs are represented by a linear objective function on the rosters and the unassigned activities . The main costs of each roster depend on the total flight time -LRB- or block time -RRB- and costs on extra days off . In the production system of that airline , around 90 single crew member rules are implemented . Representative subsets of rules and regulations have been chosen for our experiments . However , certain issues such as individual rule relaxations or restrictions are not considered . The following lists seven rules which have been implemented for the test case presented in this paper . The formulations of some rules use the term airline day which is a 24 hours period not corresponding to a calendar day . It starts at time $ \ tau $ on one day and ends one minute before $ \ tau $ on the next day . -LRB- R1 -RRB- Minimum Rest at Home Base : a crew member gets at least an $ \ eta_1 $ - hour rest period at his/her home base between two activities . -LRB- R2 -RRB- Minimum Rest for One Day Off : if a crew member has one complete airline day off , i.e. , the rest between two activities contains one airline day , the rest period must be at least $ \ eta_2 $ hours . -LRB- R3 -RRB- Minimum Rest for Two Days Off : if a crew member has two complete airline days off , i.e. , the rest between two activities contains two airline days , the rest period must be at least $ \ eta_3 $ hours . -LRB- R4 -RRB- Minimum Rest for Three Days Off : if a crew member has three complete airline days off , i.e. , the rest between two activities contains three airline days , the rest period must be at least $ \ eta_4 $ hours . -LRB- R5 -RRB- Latest Check-out for Two Days Off : if an activity is followed by a rest period containing two airline days , the activity is not allowed to end in a night period , i.e. , the period defined by an interval -LSB- $ \ tau_1 $ , $ \ tau_2 $ -RSB- . -LRB- R6 -RRB- No Early Briefing After Five/Two : after a 5-day working period followed by two airline days off , a crew member can not be assigned an activity starting before time $ \ tau_3 $ . -LRB- R7 -RRB- No two trips on the same day : except for preassignments , it is not allowed to have two flight trips on the same day .

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